Impact drivers
Impact drivers are categorised according to the ‘Nature Capital Protocol’, with each impact driver belonging to one of five 'Drivers of nature change' defined by IPBES. In the new update to ENCORE (July 2024), these are referred to as “Pressures”.
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Terrestrial ecosystem use
e.g. area of forest plantation by type
Freshwater ecosystem use
e.g. area of wetland necessary to provide ecosystem services such as water purification
Marine ecosystem use
e.g. area of aquaculture by type
Marine ecosystem use
e.g. volume of carbon dioxide
Non-greenhouse gas air pollutants
e.g. volume of fine particulate matter (PM2.5)
Soil pollutants
e.g. volume of waste matter discharged and retained in soil over a given period
Solid waste
e.g. volume of hazardous waste
Disturbances
e.g. lumens and duration of light at site of impact
Water pollutants
e.g. amount of nitrates discharged
Water use
e.g. volume of groundwater consumed
Other resource use
e.g. volume of wild-caught fish by species
Introduction of invasive alien species
Invasive alien species are not yet included within the Natural Capital Protocol. However, they are included as an impact driver within the Align recommendations on biodiversity measurement and valuation.
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